Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Extracellular biogenic nanoscale mitochondria reprogram the wound microenvironment via ROS scavenging independent of cellular uptake

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103023

Figure Lengend Snippet: MSC-mt alleviates oxidative stress and promote tissue regeneration during wound healing (A) In vivo imaging showing the spatial–temporal persistence of fluorescently labeled MSC-mt (mtH) at the wound site at indicated time point, indicating transient but sustained early presence after topical application. (B) Measurement of ATP levels in peri-wound tissues on PWD8 showed enhanced local metabolic activity following mtH treatment. n = 5 ∼ 6 per group. (C) Quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in peri-wound tissues on PWD8 indicated reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in both MSC-mt–treated wounds. n = 5 ∼ 6 per group. (D) Laser speckle contrast imaging of blood perfusion at the wound site on PWD8 showed improved microvascular perfusion following mtH treatment. n = 5 per group. (E) Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of CD31 expression in peri-wound tissues on PWD8, indicating enhanced angiogenesis in mtH–treated wounds. n = 6 per group. (F) Quantitative PCR analysis of angiogenesis-related gene expression in peri-wound tissues on PWD8, indicating transcriptional activation of pro-angiogenic programs following mtH treatment. n = 3 ∼ 5 per group. (G-H) Representative immunohistochemical staining and quantification of Col1a1 in wound tissues on PWD8, showing increased collagen synthesis and matrix remodeling in mtH–treated wounds. n = 6 per group. Scale bar = 100 μm. (I-J) Representative immunofluorescence staining and quantification of Vimentin and TUNEL in wound tissues on PWD8, indicating reduced fibroblast apoptosis following mtH treatment. n = 6 per group. Scale bar = 20 μm. (K-L) Representative immunofluorescence staining and quantification of Vimentin and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) in wound tissues on PWD8, indicating attenuated oxidative DNA damage in fibroblasts following mtH treatment. n = 6 per group. Scale bar = 20 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: TUNEL staining was performed using a commercial kit (Servicebio, Cat# G1502) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: In Vivo Imaging, Labeling, Activity Assay, Imaging, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Expression, Activation Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, TUNEL Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Regenerating myofiber with activating of TGF-β signaling contributes to macrophage efferocytosis through enhancing Tregs response in inflamed muscle

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1810106

Figure Lengend Snippet: The transfer of exogenous apoptotic cells indicates muscle-specific TGF-β signaling is required for macrophages efferocytosis in inflamed muscle. (A) Immunofluorescence demonstrates DiD + Tunel + apoptotic cells (ACs) and DiD + Tunel - living cells (LCs). (B) Scheme of ACs or LCs transfer experiment. (C) FACS analysis of the proportion of M2 macrophages (F4/80 + CD206 + ) in inflamed muscle after ACs or LCs transfer. (D) Immunofluorescence staining shows the DiD + ACs uptake by macrophages in damaged muscle after ACs or LCs transfer. (E) FACS analysis of the proportion of the uptake of DiD + ACs by macrophages. Multiple comparisons are analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 4-5 mice per group). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Scale bar=50 μm.

Article Snippet: Apoptosis was induced by UV irradiation (254 nm, 30 minutes), and apoptotic cells were labeled with the membrane-intercalating dye DiD (C1039) or assessed by TUNEL staining (40306ES60, Yeasen, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, TUNEL Assay, Staining